What is neuroendoscopy, and how is it used to diagnose and treat neurological conditions?

Neuroendoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique that uses a small, flexible or rigid endoscope equipped with a camera and light source to access and treat conditions within the brain and spinal cord. Unlike traditional open neurosurgery, which often requires large incisions or skull openings, neuroendoscopy allows surgeons to navigate through tiny pathways or natural openings, reducing trauma to surrounding tissues. This approach leads to shorter recovery times, fewer complications, and improved patient outcomes.

Neuroendoscopy is commonly used to treat hydrocephalus through a procedure called endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), which creates a new pathway for cerebrospinal fluid to flow and relieve pressure. It is also widely applied in removing tumors located in the ventricles, skull base, or pituitary gland, as well as in managing cysts, intraventricular lesions, and certain forms of epilepsy. The high-definition visualization offered by modern endoscopes enables surgeons to precisely target abnormalities while preserving critical neurological structures.

In addition to treatment, neuroendoscopy assists in diagnosis by allowing direct inspection of intracranial spaces and enabling tissue biopsies from hard-to-reach areas. Because it relies on small incisions and real-time imaging, neuroendoscopy minimizes postoperative pain, reduces hospital stays, and speeds return to normal activities. As technology advances—with improved optics, neuronavigation, and robotic assistance—neuroendoscopy continues to expand its role in neurosurgery, offering safer and more effective options for patients with complex neurological disorders.